8. Ionic Bonding
Formation of Ions
Dot and Cross Diagrams
Check
Giant Ionic Crystal Lattice Structure
Physical Properties
- Between metals & non-metals
- Metal atoms lose electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration
- Non-metal atoms gain electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration
Dot and Cross Diagrams
Check
- whether question asks for outermost electrons or all the electrons
- the charges are shown : + for metal ion and – for non-metal ion
- that there are different symbols for the electrons in a non-metal ion
- that there are 8 electrons in the outermost shell after bonding except for ions formed by H, Li and Be which will have 2 electrons
Giant Ionic Crystal Lattice Structure
- The oppositely charged ions vibrate in fixed positions in a giant crystal lattice with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions throughout the structure.
Physical Properties
- High melting point and boiling point: Large amount of energy required to break strong strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in the crystal lattice structure.
- Exist as solids at r.t.p: Large amount of energy required to break strong strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in the crystal lattice structure.
- Crystalline solid with regular shape: Ions are arranged with cations and anions alternating.
- Do not conduct electricity in solid state but can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous states: In solid state, the ions are held in fixed positions, and are unable to move to conduct electricity. In molten or aqueous states, ions are no longer held in fixed positions, and can move around to conduct electricity.
- Insoluble in inorganic solvents but soluble in water.
