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  • FREE 5-MIN Notes
    • 1. Experimental Techniques
    • 2. Methods of Purification
    • 3. Separation Techniques
    • 4. Qualitative Analysis
    • 5. Kinetic Particle Theory
    • 6. Atomic Structure
    • 7. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
    • 8. Ionic Bonding
    • 9. Covalent Bonding
    • 10. Mole Concept
    • 11. Electrolysis
    • 12. Energy Changes
    • 13. Speed of Reaction
    • 14. Redox
    • 15. Acids and Bases
    • 16. Salts
    • 17. Ammonia
    • 18. Periodic Table
    • 19. Metals
    • 20. Air
    • 21. Fuels
    • 22. Organic Chemistry
    • 23. Macromolecules
  • Free Printables

16. Salts

Solubility of Salts
  • All Group I and ammonium compounds are soluble.
  • All nitrates are soluble.
  • All chlorides are soluble, except AgCl, PbCl2
  • All sulfates are soluble, except PbSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4
  • All carbonates are insoluble, except Group I carbonates and ammonium carbonate
  • All oxides and hydroxides of metals are insoluble, except Group I and ammonium compounds and Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble.

Precipitation - To form insoluble salt
  • Mix the two aqueous solutions of the reactants together.
  • Filter the mixture to collect the residue (precipitate).
  • Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry with filter paper.

Titration - Only for salts of K+, Na+ and NH4+.
  • Fill a burette with acid. Record the initial reading as V1 cm3.
  • Pipette 25 cm3 of alkali and transfer solution into a conical flask.
  • Add 2 drops of a suitable pH indicator.
  • Add the acid from the burette into the conical flask until a colour change is seen. This indicates the end point.
  • Record the final reading as V2 cm3.
  • Repeat steps 1 and 2 without adding the pH indicator.
  • Add (V2 – V1) cm3 of acid into the alkali.
  • Heat the solution till saturated.
  • Cool the saturated solution for crystals to form.
  • Filter to collect the crystals as residue.
  • Wash the crystals with cold distilled water.
  • Dry with filter paper.

Acid + Insoluble Base/Carbonate/Metal -  Only for soluble salts
  • Add excess insoluble base/carbonate/metal to warm acid, with stirring, till no more solid can dissolve.
  • Filter to remove excess insoluble base/carbonate/metal.
  • Evaporate the filtrate to saturation.
  • Cool the saturated solution for crystals to form.
  • Filter the crystals, wash with cold distilled water and dry with filter paper.
Next: Ammonia
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  • Home
  • More Information
  • Contact Me
  • Blog
  • FREE 5-MIN Notes
    • 1. Experimental Techniques
    • 2. Methods of Purification
    • 3. Separation Techniques
    • 4. Qualitative Analysis
    • 5. Kinetic Particle Theory
    • 6. Atomic Structure
    • 7. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
    • 8. Ionic Bonding
    • 9. Covalent Bonding
    • 10. Mole Concept
    • 11. Electrolysis
    • 12. Energy Changes
    • 13. Speed of Reaction
    • 14. Redox
    • 15. Acids and Bases
    • 16. Salts
    • 17. Ammonia
    • 18. Periodic Table
    • 19. Metals
    • 20. Air
    • 21. Fuels
    • 22. Organic Chemistry
    • 23. Macromolecules
  • Free Printables